Business Intelligence in a Corporate Environment Essay Example for Free

Business Intelligence in a Corporate Environment Essay The motivation behind this writing survey is to give a general point of view to the functions of business insight in a professional workplace. With the beginning of enormous innovative additions in the previous decade the usage of business knowledge has developed likewise. In the working environment the interest for business process improvement, responsive revealing, bleeding edge anticipating, and inside business client relations has set off a requirement for a unit that comprehends the business needs just as the effect on organization innovation. This audit will concentrate on the different zones that business insight impacts in the working environment. There will likewise be an accentuation on understanding the life span of these sorts of units. With these units in the working environment questions concerning departmental robotization objectives and the effect on the development organizes that are engaged with the making of business insight units. At long last, with the development of information assortment and convenience, the security and the board of organization data is entwined with the activity of business knowledge. The Age of Information The Role of Shifting Technology From the beginning of time innovation has impacted the very texture of business activities. The job of business knowledge in this move is the usage and constant improvement of that innovation. This job is regularly changing in light of the fact that innovation keeps on improving. While to some the job of business insight appears to be new and up and coming the utilization and practice returns to the soonest long periods of industry. A case of this history would be in the computerization business. In years past a lot of work was finished by hand. The job of the business expert is gather and dissect the whole business process from beginning to end. When this was done the examiner would limit their concentration to the person trying to furnish the executives with information to speed up and proficiency. That job is currently usedâ to break down the frameworks and machines that are liable for making the items. While the model above is straightforward the association between the move in innovation and the job of business knowledge is clear. With any business the craving for data is solid. To be serious an organization should know about the business condition in which they work. Business insight serves to meet the data and improvement objectives that drive the organization to more prominent achievement. For this writing survey there is an article composed by Elliot King that embodies the move of innovation and the job of business insight on it. Ruler centers around the enormous measure of organization assets that are spent on the execution, improvement, and the board of business knowledge innovation in the work environment. This consideration has been driven by the expanding interest for such programming items and faculty to oversee them. Understanding this current move King centers around the job business knowledge has and will keep on having on the business that utilization information en mass. The article gives a concise glance at the historical backdrop of information stockpiling and misguided judgments about representative enthusiasm for getting to the information. This intrigue has to a great extent been pushed down because of the perplexing idea of connecting with the data present inside the information distribution center. With the blast of the web and client absorption to it these specialized hindrances are easing back starting to fall (King, 1998). No sweat of utilization and understanding expanding workers are starting to get a handle on the estimation of information. This is the place the job of business insight has flourished. Business knowledge has been executed to overcome any barrier between the representative and the business information put away in the stockroom. This is done through an assortment strategies that have made information increasingly more valuable to the organizations that have and use their information. Ruler sums up his article with the hypothesis that as the web was openedâ far and wide to this should idea ought to be applied to the information warehousing. While King comprehends that the two bits of innovation are distinctive he attests that they are comparable enough in nature that a similar methodology can be applied. By and large, the article give a decent glance at how the move of innovation in business can influence the interest for frameworks and the staff that keep up and work them (King, 1998). The effect of Business development With the development of business the world has started to shrivel. Never again are organizations that utilize a hundred or even a thousand viewed as amazing. In 2014 Bank of America was accounted for to have utilized 200 and eighty 4,000 individuals to run its tasks far and wide (Bank of America, 2014). The ramifications of organizations of this size are dumbfounding and have essentially affected the interest for business knowledge. To really comprehend why an organization would burn through a large number of dollars on business knowledge activities a straightforward model can be given. For Bank of America every worker is relegated an extraordinary number or code that recognizes the person in question from the remainder of the representatives inside the association. On the opposite side of the table every client that has connected with the bank is additionally allocated an interesting identifier. On the off chance that these are included the amount of exceptional substances begins to get dumbfounding. The model above shows why a systematic Bank of America would be vigorously keen on using business knowledge resources for deal with the information related with its specialty units. While the model gave just addresses zones concerning representatives and clients the measure of information related with those individuals can be stunning. For workers this information could be anything from human asset structures to relax day demands. For clients the information could be items bought, recorded advertising calls, site collaboration just as a large group of different territories. In 2000 Deborah Rowe an article that fixated on business patterns pushing database the board frameworks to more noteworthy development. Rowe centers around the dataâ warehousing idea that has demonstrated to meet a vast larger part of business needs as far as data the board. The focal point of the article is to clarify how progress is pushing for better and better frameworks for overseeing information. The article discusses how expanding rivalry has made a lean situation for information the board. Organizations that are careless with their information are either falling flat or getting on to the requirement for better cooperation and utilization of their information. Rowe digs into the way toward picking these frameworks from a corporate point of view. The difficulties introduced by this kind of execution are somewhat glaring. These difficulties incorporate forthright cost, long haul cost, and bungle of information. On the off chance that an organization decides to execute an item that its representatives don’t see effectively the impacts can be obliterating on the business. Recruiting proficient representatives to oversee and actualize the item is fundamental to long haul achievement. With these obstacles of executing a DBMS framework the errand can be overwhelming. Rowe examines how the errand of buying and embedding a DBMS should be finished with incredible alert and an unmistakable core interest. On the off chance that a business isn’t ready to look further not far off and consider how the DBMS can be utilized later on it will bomb totally. Having a viewpoint that incorporates as a significant part of the organizations objectives and dreams is basic. This is the reason organizations are continually searching for people that can concentrate on a point by point framework however have the option to simultaneously take a gander at the more extensive extent of the company’s needs (Rowe , 2000). In summation the article leaves the peruser with a fascinating point of view on the expanding interest for these frameworks. Rowe infers that the ERP business will develop and enormous pace later on. With that development the requirement for educated workers that comprehend the frameworks utilize and can make an interpretation of the information to influence business needs will proceeding to increment. The expanding corporate interest. At its very center business is driven by two straightforward ideas. These are the laws of income and costs. In business these two laws drive organizations every day. Prevalent sentiment about theseâ concepts can here and there influence in either heading. Defenders may place the entirety of their help into income age while others will concentrate on making the ideal lean plan of action. Whatever the hypothesis or sentiment is the law of incomes and costs will continue as before. As examined in this audit the costs of actualizing DBMS frameworks and utilizing exceptionally talented people can be monstrous. To an organization that absolutely centers around the cost side of the condition these frameworks may appear to be a misuse of valuable resources. To other people who comprehend the future and current effect of these frameworks the choice to use them is a simple one. Like the ideas of incomes and costs the objectives of an organization can direct the viewpoint of business knowledge units. The explanation request has started to consistently increment over the previous decade is the possibility to influence both the cost and income side of the business structure. Business knowledge units are intended to help divisions in manners that can intensify their present income creation and lessening their cost propensities. An article composed by Ken Rudin clarifies how corporate interest for business knowledge in their organizations is consistently expanding. Rudin discusses how business insight has become an exceptionally high need for business officials who comprehend the qualities they can get from business improvement. This interest has developed to where corporate pioneers are concentrating on moving past the conventional business insight forms (Rudin , 2007) . Rudin clarifies the ramifications of this dynamic manner of thinking by resembling the effect of programming applications that product

Comparing Notebook and Desktop Computers :: Compare Contrast Computer Essays

Looking at Notebook and Desktop Computers PCs are one of the most well known sorts of electronic gadgets on the planet today. Regardless of whether child or grown-up, male or female, everybody needs to figure out how to work the PC. Individuals use PCs for various purposes, for example, composing papers, making sites, making introductions, perusing on the web, messing around, and so forth. Truth be told, numerous individuals are as yet befuddled about picking what sort of PC they need to purchase. On the planet today, there are two sorts of PCs: scratch pad/PC and work area. The two of them are in reality totally different in a few different ways. In this paper, I will look at the size, availability, force, and cost of note pad and work stations. I can make these examinations since I have both a note pad and a personal computer in my loft. Size is one of the significant worries for individuals who need to purchase a PC. A journal/PC will in general be littler than a PC. This makes the scratch pad more advantageous to use than a work station. Due to the size, the segments, which are worked inside a note pad, are generally little too. Segments of a PC comprise of: chip, memory, plate drivers, motherboard, sound card, input/yield port, and force flexibly. In addition, note pads appear to be lighter than work stations. This likewise has a very effect for the clients. A journal's weight will be around 10 pounds or less. Due to this weight, note pad can be brought anyplace without any problem. Numerous individuals use journals for business purposes so they can bring their note pad all over the place. Then again, a personal computer's weight is in excess of 20 pounds. Along these lines, personal computers are utilized by individuals who remain at home more often than not. Other than that, a scratch pad is worked as a fixed PC. As it were, all the segments used to construct a scratch pad can't be changed if something is broken, or all the parts can't be updated as a client wants. Then again, a PC is by all accounts less muddled than a note pad since all the parts inside the work station can be changed as the client wants. In light of these changes, a PC has more memory limit than a note pad. Other than size, availability is additionally a significant perspective so as to work the PCs effectively. The network that I mean is a web association. There are a few segments that are utilized to interface the PCs to the web, for example, modem, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), remote, and so forth.

Story “The Movies That Rose From the Grave” Essay

Drumhead In his origin. The Movies That Rose From the Grave. Max Brooks. clarifies how films. books. picture games. what's more, broadcasting demonstrates about Zombis have kept on being an innovator in the repulsiveness business for as long as 40 mature ages. The story of Zombis started as legends and tall stories. The main Zombie film. White Zombie. was discharged in 1932. During this clasp period. a Zombie was a living person that was made to move as a body. With the arrival of George A. Romero’s film. Night of the Living Dead. in 1968. the impression of a Zombie changed definitely. In this film. Zombis were depicted as individuals who had become alive once again and threatened society. Zombis obliterated a mind-blowing encephalon casualties and lived off of human substance. Their main purpose was to destruct human culture. With the improvement of processing machine games, for example, Resident Evil and House of the Dead. more individuals were fall ining the Zombie craze. More zombi e films were made and the supporters expanded. Indeed, even today. Zombis have kept on being a decision power in the film. broadcasting. also, computer game industry. This has numerous individuals asking why. Max Brooks talks about how recent developments in the course of the last six mature ages have affected the sort of diversion customers look for. In the course of the last six mature ages disastrous occasions, for example, psychological oppressor act. war. planetary unwellness. what's more, climate related disasters have overwhelmed our lives and the insight. To escape from the nervousness made from existent life threats. society depends on anecdotal characters, for example, Zombis. People groups can watch films about substance taking care of creatures out to destruct the Earth cognizing that it will ne'er occur in existent life. Blood and gore flicks cause the observer to go frightened and anxious. Much like stressing over whether a psychological oppressor surge is venturing out to go on again at an airdrome or whether your place is heading out to be demolished by a tropical storm. blood and gore films cause tension. In any case. this tension is alleviated each piece in a matter of seconds as the film is finished. People groups utilize anecdotal occasions and characters to escape from existent life occasions and emphasiss. in any event, for simply a short clasp. There have been other anecdotal awfulness characters, for example, lamias and beasts. These characters have non kept on deciding in a way that living deads have. It is not well characterized to what extent the living dead propensity will go on.

Hazards on the Hudson free essay sample

An examination of the fight in court between General Electric (GE) and Environmental Protection Association (EPA) which has requested them to tidy up the Hudson River following their dumping of synthetic concoctions. This paper gives a background marked by the difficult which permitted GE to dump unsafe waste into the Hudson River. These synthetics, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are said to cause disease and other medical issues. The author analyzes the contentions of the two gatherings and those introduced in the fight in court which is still in progress. Envision, maybe, a bright day. A kid and his dad are angling on the delightful waters of the Hudson River. Enthusiastically, the kid hollers, I got a fish! I got a fish! He reels it in and his dad expels the snare from its mouth. Father says, That sure is pleasant one, child. He at that point hurls the fish back in the water. At the point when the kid inquires as to why, the dad clarifies that the fish in these waters are risky to eat. We will compose a custom article test on Perils on the Hudson or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They contain significant levels of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Resistance to British Nationalism Free Essays

string(120) certain guidelines for the better administration of the issues of the East India Company, also in India as in Europe. Since the French Revolution, the possibility of self-assurance has spread all around the globe, binding together people groups inside countries, beginning new unrests, deleting realms, liberating provinces and startling present day states. There are not many models clarifying the development of patriotism and the meanings of this marvel differ from a creator to another. Anthony D. We will compose a custom exposition test on Protection from British Nationalism or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Smith says it is an ideological development targeting arriving at self-assurance and freedom for the sake of a country. He likewise says that humankind is normally isolated into countries. However, this idea is somewhat uncovering the patriot perspective on the grounds that a brief glance in the past is sufficient to show that the autonomy procedure isn't natural. Numerous authors like Boyd Shafer and Louis Snyder have contemplated the subject since World War I so as to clarify the subject yet †as says Arthur Waldron †encasing patriotism in a hypothesis has end up being a troublesome assignment. A chronicled instance of the patriotism issue is the patriot development in India. Indians praised 50 years of freedom from British principle in August 1997. The finish of the domain in India was a gigantic hit to British government. This research paper first examinations the means of the western interruption into India and afterward attempts to portray how the Indian patriotism was conceived. At the point when the European people group started to grow in India, another lifestyle entered urban communities. It was replicated by the indigenous individuals who were tempted by western strategies. Occidental instruction was the primary vector of cultural assimilation since youthful Indians were extremely responsive to the European message. So the new Indian age immediately got patriot, communist, and democrat. Bosses like Cavour or Mazzini were the new legends for the youthful understudies. That is the reason the British government denied the investigation of British History of the XIXth century in Indian schools. Be that as it may, it was at that point past the point of no return. The procedure couldn't be halted at that stage. Indians had obtained a superior information on European culture and it was not gotten without investigate. European creators who were enthusiastic about condemning Europe †Tolstoi, for instance †affected India. So it appears that the presentation of western thoughts and their scrutinizes added to the development of patriotism. The commencement of the indigenous first class to Western History would have established their journey for freedom, following a patriot conspire transmitted by occidental instruction. A complex of mediocrity started to spread among Indians, for the most part on account of the British bigot demeanor. Europeans were disregarding the Indian culture. From the 1830s, bigot developments started to cause British individuals to feel prevalent. They considered Indians as genuinely and ethically tested. This inadequacy was bore witness to by the disappointment of customary rebellions like the Mutiny in 1857. Tara Chand1 says that Indians were intrigued by the apparent prevalence of their colons in war, in organization, and in industry. Indians needed their nation to rank among the enormous countries, strategically and modernly. From the 1870s, they got mindful of their esteemed past and legislators started to utilize that contention in their talks. Those equivalent government officials likewise utilized strict merriments to spread their patriot message. The informed world class could show improvement over the Congress by utilizing the strict field. Political exercises could then enter the littlest town on account of religion. This strategy permitted pioneers to bind together a rising populace. Mother India was conceived. 1Chand, Tara. History of the Freedom Movement in India. a. The East India Company and the Conquest of India The goals of the traders who framed the East India Company and those of Queen Elizabeth I were infrequently coordinated by the result. The endeavor neglected to accomplish its expressed targets †it established little connection with the Dutch control of the zest exchange and couldn't set up an enduring station in the East Indies in the early years †but prevailing unfathomable in building up military strength and a political domain for Britain in India. By the center of the seventeenth century the East India Company could be discovered exchanging close by Indian vendors in the East, and the Company delivered products as various as material from southern India to Sumatra, and espresso from Arabia to India. Benefits in this way produced were furrowed go into purchasing the flavors required back home. Step by step the Company developed its capacity base in India, opening up exchanging posts Madras and Calcutta, and frustrated French endeavors to copy it there. From these safe establishments it had the option to search out new markets and hotspots for exchanging items. As European enthusiasm for the East Indies expanded, so the Company adjusted local plans and items to suit Western tastes †the development of the Kashmir shawl industry, and the improvement of the structure that has gotten known as Paisley being one such model. The procedure of regional extension that began with the addition of Bengal, the â€Å"private trade† which empowered merchant’s in the Company’s administration to make fortunes as an afterthought, combined with a significant level of defilement, implied that an ever increasing number of men looked for their fortunes in India. The early way of life of the vendor swashbuckler in the Company’s exchanging presents gave route on a progressively regular society, with its clubs, holy places and social capacities. The accessories of enlightened life must be imported from England, and many were adjusted to suit the new conditions. Wicker cookout hampers and tonic water all developed from the requirements forced by the cruel Indian atmosphere. Enormously affluent men coming back from Company administration to England pulled in much jealousy as they purchased up nation houses and seats in Parliament, and huge numbers of these â€Å"nabobs† kept the propensities they had learnt in India. By the mid nineteenth century the East India Company’s writ stretched out across a large portion of India. In 1773 the British government assumed control over some obligation regarding administering British India. The â€Å"Regulating Act† set up a senator general and board assigned incompletely by the East India Company and mostly by the administration. It was a represent setting up specific guidelines for the better administration of the issues of the East India Company, also in India as in Europe. You read Protection from British Nationalism in classification Article models Here is the start of it1: Though the few forces and specialists allowed by sanctions to the assembled organization of shippers in England exchanging toward the East Indies have been found, by experience, not to have adequate power and viability to forestall different maltreatment which have won in the legislature and organization of the issues of the said joined organization, too at home as in India, to the show injury of the open credit, and of the business interests of the said organization; and it is in this manner become exceptionally convenient that specific further guidelines, better adjusted to their current conditions and condition, ought to be given and set up: †¦ †¦ And, for the better administration of the said joined company’s issues in India, be it further instituted by the power previously mentioned, That, for the legislature of the administration of Fort William in Bengal, there will be designated a representative general, and four advisors; and that the entire common and military administration of the said administration, and furthermore the requesting, the executives and administration of all the regional acquisitions and incomes in the realms of Bengal, Bahar, and Orissa, will, during such time as the regional acquisitions and incomes will stay in the ownership of the said joined organization, be, and are thus vested in the said senator general and chamber of the said administration of Fort William in Bengal, in like way, to all plans and purposes at all; as a similar presently seem to be, or whenever up to this time may have been practiced by the president and gathering, or select board of trustees, in the said realms. c. Conflict of Cultures and the Reasons of the Conflict There are three purposes behind the Indian clash: †the strict clash among Hindus and Muslims †the social clash about the Untouchables †the pilgrim strife about the status of India In the three clashes, the fundamental on-screen character was Gandhi himself. In the principal strife, the battling foes were the Hindus and the Muslims; in the subsequent one, the enemies were the Untouchables and Gandhi †who were battling for their motivation â€, and the custom safeguards; in the last one, the foes were India and the British government. In this way, Gandhi was the connection among Indians and the legislature. Note that the main clash was existing before Gandhi even interceded. 1 Internet Modern History Sourcebook In 1857 the British confronted a perilous resistance, ordinarily called the Indian Mutiny, a polemical name suggesting that it was the revolt of unrestrained warriors. As a matter of fact it was a revolt of the Indian armed force, drove by their officials, known as sepoys. Numerous Indians outside the military had been fretful for quite a long time. Rulers had been vanquished and deposed. Landowners had lost their property and been supplanted by ones all the more inviting to the British. Strict notions were kindled. The British viewed Indian convictions as frightful: they had banned the suttee, or widow consuming, and stifled the Thugs, a little group of Holy Assassins. One official even pronounced that the British would abrogate the ranks. Secretive purposeful publicity likewise coursed all over India. It penetrated the sepoys, who reported to Muslim fighters that specific recently gave cartridges w

Enjoy These One-Star GOODNIGHT MOON Reviews Critical Linking, September 10, 2019

Enjoy These One-Star GOODNIGHT MOON Reviews Critical Linking, September 10, 2019 Critical Linking, a daily roundup of the most interesting bookish links from around the web is sponsored by Dear Haiti, Love Alaine by Maika and Maritza Moulite. In the one-star reviews of Goodnight Moon, you will notice plenty instances of that same tired complaint every classic seems to get, which is that it’s booooooring, but apparently Goodnight Moon has some other, deeper, issues. The book lacks racial diversity, rhymes moon with moon (unacceptable), teaches children flawed natural order, and of course is symbolic of child abduction, moon worship, freemasonry, and the fracturing of personalities that comes from torture. Turns out people read a lot into children’s books, and also have no earthly idea what mush is, but think it must be something either very boring or very evil. This certainly was a needed laugh. But disabled people have always existed, and in two recent essay anthologies, writers with disabilities prove that it is the reactions, attitudes, and systems of our society which are harmful, far more than anything their own bodies throw at them. NPR took a look at two recent anthologies by writers with disabilities. That tired pop-song notion of love as a battlefield has bothered him for awhile. From a metaphorical standpoint, writes the revered critic Hanif Abdurraqib early in his blockbuster 2017 essay collection They Can’t Kill Us Until They Kill Us, one of the worst things we do is compare love to war. We do this in times of actual war without a thought about what it actually means. Mothers bury their children while a pop musician calls a bedroom a war zone and romance a field of battleâ€"as if there is a graveyard for heartbreak alone.” If you dont already know and follow Hanif Abdurraqib you should. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Top 20 ACT Vocabulary Words

Worried about ACT vocabulary? Worry no more! Weve collected the top 20 ACT vocabulary words you should knowalong with their definitions and parts of speechin one place for your studying ease. Without further ado Top 20 ACT Vocabulary Words* WordPart of SpeechDefinition(s) 1adhereverbto stick to a surface or substance [or] to follow a practice or belief 2anticipateverbto regard as probable [or] to expect or predict 3characteristicadjectivea special quality of a person, thing, or group justifyverbto show or prove to be right [or] to be a good reason for doing something 15omitverbto intentionally leave something or someone out [or] to leave something undone 16precedeverbto come before in time, order, or position [or] to go in front of or ahead of 17redundantadjectiveno longer useful, superfluous, extra [or] able to be left out without sacrificing meaning or usefulness 18relevantadjectiveappropriate to the matter at hand 19trivialadjectiveof small value or importance [or] a person only concerned with unimportant things 20uniformadjectivenot changing in form or character, or similar in form or character to other things [or] a piece of clothing that is part of a uniform *As I mentioned in the Top Tips post, the ACT will more commonly test secondary definitions of common words than esoteric or abstruse vocabulary. Bear in mind that the second and third definitions of the words on this list are important, too! If you need more vocab practice, check out Magoosh ACT Prep.

Analysis Of The Movie The Hunger Games - 891 Words

Paper should begin here: †¢ Introduction paragraph : †¢ Summarize the movie from a sociological perspective (approximately 1 page) : In the film of The Hunger Games, there are districts that are stratified, the bottom of the districts are those with the least amount of resources to survive. Those at the top control the resources by hosting an annual game that will test the strength and courage of two youth, â€Å"tributes,† to survive in a human hunting game. One male and one female are chosen at random from each district to participate in the game. There will only be one victor, he/she has to manage to stay alive in order to win the game and provide resources to their district. Each tribute is given only one weapon, to help them survive the game. The game is viewed by every district, and the Capitol, (upper class and power) uses this game as entertainment. Anomie is present in the film, because not every district has the same resources, the tributes can have a less chance to survive. The fi lm focuses on District 12, which is the bottom of the barrel at the moment. This district is suffering from lack of food, it is it’s turn for the tributes to be chosen for the annual Hunger Games. The male chosen tribute for District 12 is Peeta, and the female chosen tribute is Katniss little sister. Katniss knows that her sister is too young and innocent to see a slaughter of humans in the game. Therefore Katniss volunteers herself as tribute for District 12. Both Peeta and Katniss areShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of The Movie Hunger Games1291 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I will do a critical analysis of the movie â€Å"Hunger Games,† the short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† and Taylor Swift’s music video â€Å"Look What You Make Me Do† in terms of the use of symbolism, and the new self. The Hunger Games  follows 16-year-old  Katniss Everdeen, a girl from District 12 who volunteers for the 74th Hunger Games in place of her you nger sister  Primrose Everdeen. The games itself is a competition to see who’s the strongest. The story of an Hour is a short story that describesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Hunger Games 2249 Words   |  9 Pagesstressful because it determines which boy and girl, ages 12 to 18, will serve as the district’s tributes in the Hunger Games. Each of the 12 districts must draw two tributes, and those tributes are sent to an arena where they fight to the death until only one tribute remains alive. The victor’s district is given gifts, mainly food, and the victor returns home. The Capitol of Panem puts on the Games to remind and punish the 12 districts of the Dark Days, which was when the 13th district was destroyed forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Hunger Games 2215 Words   |  9 PagesChange in Feminism in the Cinema World The Hunger Games which is directed by Garry Ross is story in land of Panem which has grown out of the cadaverous ruins of what one time was known as North America, 74 years ago. The capitol introduced the hunger games as a reminder to the twelve districts of its authority and punishment for rebellion. Every year a boy and a girl from each district, who are known as Tributes, and they are of aged between 12 and 18. The names are chosen randomly in reaping ceremoniesRead MoreThe Hunger Games Movie Analysis1935 Words   |  8 PagesIn the following film, The Hunger Games directed by Gary Ross, it focuses primarily on the protagonist, Katniss Everdeen, who volunteers to partake the Hunger games tribute that occurs once a year. Every year in each district, each of the two members of each gender is selected to fight the annual Hunger Games. Katniss intends to be the center of attention of this film, which gives the audiences a better insight of the movie, also revealing additional themes that the author is trying to convey. AtRead MoreFor This Final Analysis I Will Be Looking More In Depth1482 Words   |  6 Pages For this final analysis I will be looking more in depth to the movie The Hunger Games directed by Gary Ross and released March 23, 2012. In this movie there are two characters that we see the most Katniss, played by Jenifer Lawrence, and Peeta, played by Josh Hutcherson. Other characters that become familiar are Gale, played by Liam Hemsworth, Effie Trinket, played by Elizabeth Banks, Haymitch, played by Woody Harrelson, Primrose, played by Willow Shields, Mrs. Everdeen, played by Paula MalcomsonRead MoreHunger Games Sociological990 Words   |  4 Pages1 Sociological analysis In the movie film The Hunger Games, the nation of Panem is a society very dissimilar to our own. This nation once began with 13 districts, until the thirteenth district chose to take action against the oppressors. They were quickly put down, the remaining 12 districts were punished and were forced to fund two participants which were known as tributes , a boy and a girl of young age to the Capitol each year to compete in the Hunger Games which is a brutal fightRead MoreTechnical Analysis : The Hunger Games1222 Words   |  5 PagesTechnical Analysis: The Hunger Games Emotions are powerful tools and can be expressed in a multitude of ways, but an extremely effective tool of conveying emotions is through soundtrack. A soundtrack is not only entertaining for an audience, but also can give them insight on what a character is feeling. A prime example of conveying emotions through soundtrack is in the film adaptation of The Hunger Games. The Hunger Games novel is hard to effectively portray through a film because the writers andRead MoreHunger Games Analysis966 Words   |  4 PagesIn the movie, The Hunger Games, the director, Gary Ross, attempts to convey several messages about human nature and the current state of the world. This can be seen through an analysis of the mise-en-scà ©ne in the beginning of the games scene. I argue that in this scene Ross was portraying human nature as selfish and following the logic of neorealism and Thomas Hobbes, while also showing the romanticism of violence by Western Culture. First, looking at the portraying of human nature Thomas HobbesRead MoreThe Hunger Games And The Poor Unequal Treatment1880 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction I chose this movie because it shows a comparative experience with the present working class, although the hardship and experiences are exaggerated in the film, it is still able to depict the social class divide and oppression that exists in the capitalist system. The movie shows how the rich people have all the power, wealth and control over the population, for example, the peacemakers, enforcing free labour, ‘The Hunger Games’ and so on. Whereas, those in poorer districts are workingRead MoreMedia And Its Effects On Society1709 Words   |  7 Pagessociety today lacks proper media censorship. Television is one of the main factors in media, receiving more money in advertising because it reaches far more people than any other type of media (Escobar-Chavez Anderson, 2008). â€Å"A recent content analysis of more than 8,000 hours of programming on cable and broadcast television in the United States found that about 60% of TV programs contained violence† (Bushman Anderson, 2001). With the increase in â€Å"reality† TV shows, it has created this false

Gender Roles And The United Arab Emirates - 1496 Words

The rhyme, â€Å"Boys are rotten, made out of cotton. Girls are dandy, made out of candy. Boys go to Jupiter to get more stupider. Girls go to college to get more knowledge† is passed down generation after generation. But even as children are taught that in a sense, girls are smarter than boys, boys still get the upper hand in regard to the division of labor. For decades, women throughout history have fought for an intense desire of equality in the workplace. Though not fully accomplished, women in the United States have made major advancements. Some women in other countries on the other hand, such as those in the Arab Emirates, are still far behind in achieving an equal work life. In showing the idea that gender roles are socially constructed†¦show more content†¦The same gap persists in male dominant jobs. For example, â€Å"99% of heating, air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics and installers are men and only 1% are women† and â€Å"64% of physicians and surgeons are men and only 36% are women.†(U.S. Department of Labor). The core reason for this gender role is the thought that women, instead of men should be the one to provide the most childcare. As shown in the data, most men and women do follow these cultural norms because that is what society has taught children was the most acceptable. Growing up with this mentality causes most women to go into fields like teaching and men into fields such as construction. Likewise, the United Arab Emirates also has gender roles in their jobs much like the United States. According to the Dubai Statistics Center, in the â€Å"Dubai police general headquarters, 265 are female and 10,440 are male† and in the â€Å"Dubai health authority, 5,161 are female and 3,541 are male.†(Government of Dubai). This comparison shows how in both countries there are a similar set or gender roles when it comes to jobs. A common trend is that Women usually go for jobs in the health field or t he service sector. This data also shows how in the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE) case, this is due the social norm that Arab women are supposed to be mostly concerned with becoming wives and mothers. But recently, a group called the Women’s Empowerment Program has led the way in defeating this gender role. This results in the

What Is One Worth Essay - 1619 Words

What Is One Worth? In the depths of an individual’s being, lies his or her self-worth. Self-worth molds individuals into who they are, what they want to become. Self-worth lies at the heart of self-esteem. Self-esteem is, Palladino (1994) a blend of â€Å"self-confidence, self-worth, and self-respect. It involves respecting others, [along with] feeling a sense of harmony and peace within yourself† (sec.1p.1). The secret to higher self-esteem is the incentive to take accountability for one’s viewpoints, such as his or her aspirations, ethics, capabilities, and curiosities and to understand that these things combined is what makes them who they are (Palladino, 1994). However, the quest of higher self-esteem at times will cause sacrifices†¦show more content†¦Vohs and Finkel (2006) noted that â€Å"via self-regulation, individuals come to realize their dreams and desires-to turn their visions of the future into graspable realities† (p.32). An individual’s desires can be anything from a buying a house, getting married, moving to a new state, or starting a new job. Vohs and Finkel (2006) also noted that â€Å"self-regulation is [extremely] important; it helps [individuals from] the self and the social world in which they want to be a [part of] (p.32). Carl Rogers believed McLeod (2007) that â€Å"feelings for self-worth [established during infancy] and were formed from the interaction of the child with the mother and father. As a child grows older, interactions with significant others will affect the feelings of self-worth† (McLeod, 2007). For instance, teachers, friends, and other relatives can play an important role in how an individual feels about his or her self. If everyone makes an individual feel wanted and loved, the individual may feel good about oneself. However, if one or more people are not friendly or if they put the individual down, that could have an impact on how the individual views his or her self. McLeod (2007) also stated that Roger’s believed that [we need to be [seen encouragingly] by other. Everyone needs to feel valued. [Positive regard involves howShow MoreRelatedStudy Guide1605 Words   |  7 PagesKey Top of Form Question 1 (Worth 5 points) Which of the following was evidence to support Vanzettis innocence during the Braintree robbery and double murder trial? No witness claimed to see Vanzetti during the shooting. Witnesses placed Vanzetti elsewhere during the crime. Vanzetti feared for his safety and that of his friends. Vanzettis gun had not been used in the shooting. Points earned on this question: 5 Question 2 (Worth 5 points) What was the significance of the Sacco-VanzettiRead MoreIf We Are Honest All The Social Work Ethics Can Relate1125 Words   |  5 Pagesthe social work ethics can relate to various relationships in our lives. Dignity and Worth of a person is my choice of Social Work ethic. I chose Dignity and Worth of a person simply because no matter the relationship be it professional, personal, and worker-client relationship we need to treat people with basic respect, and worth. To treat someone with respect, and to let them know they are worth it despite what society, or their circumstances may say. Humans have a natural craving to be treatedRead MoreLife Worth Living731 Words   |  3 Pagesquestion, What makes life worth living? Is a difficult question to answer. The ways that we live our life have rippling effects on others around us, so it is imperative to make correct choices that make life worth living. Everyone in life also has different ideas of what makes life doable through hard diffi cult times were perseverance is needed, and that’s when we ask ourselves what makes life worth living?, without a doubt waking up every morning, family, and the future make life worth living. One ofRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Most Dangerous Game1091 Words   |  5 Pagesfinances, or their wrong doings in this world. Beliefs, a way to understand the surrounding environment and history around all people. No matter what religion or ideas someone believes, their individual worth does not and will never decrease nor increase. The narrative â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† by Richard Connell shows both sides of this belief. In the story, one of the main characters named Rainsford believes all human lives are equal and slaughtering any human life is murder. He shows this in â€Å"RainsfordRead MoreThe Wage Gap Between Women And Minority Workers1230 Words   |  5 Pagestime passes by. On one hand, it could be the rise of the feminist movement. Feminist groups fought hard for the rights of women. On the other hand, it may have been caused by the comparable worth policy which was emerged after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Act was implemented to eliminate any discriminations bias against one’s color, nationality, religion or sex. It has gradually raised women’s soc ial position to a level closer to men’s. The comparable worth approach also reducedRead MoreImportance Of Human Dignity837 Words   |  4 PagesHuman dignity, which is a persons self-worth, is a part of what makes humans want to live. It adds meaning to one’s life and without it, humans feel like nothing. As a result, humans all desire human dignity and want to feel that way for as long as possible to feel valuable enough to keep on thriving. Developing human dignity begins by understanding how human worth works and the violations of human dignity. First off, human dignity does not need to be created, but just nurtured. For instanceRead MoreCase Study: The Comparable Worth Debate in Twin Oaks Hospital1158 Words   |  5 Pagesprogram that would use comparable worth to evaluate the nursing and secretarial-clerical jobs. The disgruntled workers at Twin Oaks have met with union organizers about their concerns, and the workers’ spokeswomen have brought their requests to David Hardy, director of personnel at Twin Oaks. Their three main requests were for a situation similar to Lexington Memorial: an immediate 5 percent pay increase, the establishment of a job evaluation system using comparable worth, and a pledge to use the findingsRead MoreApologies Are The New Teachers971 Words   |  4 PagesPlato and Socrates. These two hand in hand had a huge influence on American Literature and others as well. Perhaps one of the most remarkable writings of Plato, since Socrates never once himself wrote anything down, is his writing o f Apology. The writings of Apology showed some of Socrates final moments, how he carried himself, and most importantly what he said. Socrates was perhaps one of the most intellectual and perceptive minds that ever lived this life, and he had many important ideas and mostRead MoreLife Worth Living By William James994 Words   |  4 Pageswho have views supporting or like William James’. However, there are other concepts holding positions that are in opposition to what James has to say. In this paper, I will answer James’ question in his essay, Is Life Worth Living, by arguing affirmatively that life is worth living. Premises The main argument that William James provides in his essay is that life is worth living. The main supports for this argument are religion, belief, and faith. Another defense James offers is optimism, althoughRead MoreValue of a Human Life1400 Words   |  6 Pages Value of a Human Life What is an individual worth in currency? From birth an individual is worth something. Individuals tend to value life with emotion and ethics. Money is not usually placed into the equation of valuing human lives when one thinks about it. Society however, is all about money. People are life and it costs to live. There is always a need for money in life and society acknowledges that. Death is the absence of life, so what is the end value of an individual when life is over? This

Literature Review Behavioural Responses of Student...

Bullying, a form of aggression, can be experienced in several forms: physical, verbal, social or cyber. All bullying is composed of three specific concepts—causing their victims harm, possessing greater power than their victims and repetition (Oh Hazler, 2009). Most often it is just the bully and a victim taken into consideration yet this fails to identify a key influence: bystanders. It is their impact on bullying that creates serious problems thus understanding the bystander’s role is vital in trying to decrease the occurrence of bullying (Oh Hazler, 2009). One generally noted concept in all of the articles was the taxonomy used for bystanders. The authors utilized the four categorizations of bystanders, established by a previous†¦show more content†¦Although all of the research is interested in bystander behaviour, the approach of the researchers seem to differ in that they are either interested in predictors of behaviour or the motivation behind bystande r behaviour. Predictors such as gender, grade, past experiences with bullying, type of bullying witnessed and friendship dynamics have displayed some significant trends (Oh Hazler, 2009; Trach, Hymel, Waterhouse and Neale, 2010). For example, researchers identify strong and consistent trends that indicate girls are more likely to support victims with positive actions while boys were more likely to report doing nothing (Oh Hazler, 2009; Trach, Hymel, Waterhouse and Neale, 2010). Furthermore, older students were far more passive in actions while younger students were more willing to take direct action (Trach, Hymel, Waterhouse and Neale, 2010). On the contrary, Thornberg (2007) focused on bystanders rationalization behind their actions. He found students defined seven common definitions for passive behaviour in situations of an emergency: trivialization, dissociation, embarrassment association, audience modeling, busy working priority, responsibility transfer and compliance with a c ompetitive norm (Thornberg, 2007). However, the reasons for taking positive action he found were curious empathy, care questioning and sympathy company (Thornberg, 2007). Specifically, the most positive action was that of sympathy company becauseShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review: Behavioural Responses of Student Bystanders in Situations of Bullying1102 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is a serious occurrence that is plaguing youth all over the globe. Bullying, a form of aggression, can be experienced in four forms: physical, verbal, social or cyber (Oh Hazler, 2009; Trach, Hymel, Waterhouse Neale, 2010). However, all bullying is composed of three specific concepts—causing their victims harm, possessing greater power then their victims and repetition (Oh Hazler, 2009). Read into the definition of â€Å"bullying† and one would simply identify a bully and a victim yetRead MoreThe Impact Of Self Esteem On The Relationship Between Empathy And Cyberbullying7843 Words   |   32 Pages and denigration (Best, Manktelow, Taylor, 2014). Cyberbullying has moved bullying from beyond the traditional school yard harassment into the home, and into the once safe domain of an adolescent’s bedroom. Thus, for many cybervictims this often means there is little or no escape from the harassment, abuse, and denigration. The purpose of the current literature review is twofold: (a) to provide a narrative review of the research on cyberbullying among adolescents, including definitions, prevalence

The Monguls Free Essays

What did the ancient Mongols do? The ancient Mongol empire controlled more land than any other empire and included a very wide range of cultures, peoples, and religions. Everyone knows the name of Chinggis Khan (Genghis Khan) and his reputation as a fierce warrior and brutal conqueror. What you may not know is that he was a very savvy politician. We will write a custom essay sample on The Monguls or any similar topic only for you Order Now His political skill not only created this tremendous empire, but also saved his people from destruction. He established the system that preserved their lives and their way of life. He and his successors took the system he set up and used it to spread their influence far and wide. So, the Mongols owe Chinggis Khan a debt of gratitude for preserving their lives and culture. We modern Westerners also owe him and his people respect for connecting the inhabitants of Western Europe with Asia and all the many benefits of trade and interaction that brought to the world. The Mongols preserved order in the areas they conquered which made it possible for traders to travel safely. This was called Pax Mongolica and was very significant in fostering contact between Europe, China, and all the lands in between. The disintegration of the Pax or Peace is part of the reason that Europeans were motivated to seek out sea routes to China, since it was no longer safe to travel overland. So, in a sense, you can say that the Mongolians are responsible for Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the Americas! Another thing you may not know about Chinggis Khan: he was not as brutal as he has been depicted. He would usually send emissaries ahead to invite a group of people to ally with him or to give him whatever he was seeking. If they agreed, they were typically required to give a certain number of warriors and some goods to the Mongols. If they refused, his warriors would attack mercilessly. However, they typically left women and skilled artisans to continue productive work, rather than totally destroying an area. This is different from some later conquerors who would completely annihilate opponents and their territory. Why did the Mongols pursue such extensive conquests? This geography is an important part of the answer to the question: Why did the Mongolians invade their neighbours? To answer this question, we have to know something about how Mongolians lived in the 1200s. Because of their geography, Mongols were usually herders and nomads. Define nomad. Why would herding require nomadism? Mongolians had to be able to move frequently in order to find pasture for their animals, primarily sheep, so they needed mobile housing. They made (and still make) felt from wool and use this felt to make the tent-like rounded houses called ger, or yurts by the Russians. Ger can be set up and taken down quickly and packed to be moved. [4-minute video of contemporary Mongolian felt-making and setting up a ger: http://ragcha. om/mujaan/shorts. html Click on â€Å"Making felt†] Note the horse pulling the felt in order to compact and flatten it. Facts about gers: http://www. chaingang. org/yurtquest/FAQ. html Many more pictures of gers: http://www. chaingang. org/yurtquest/pics. html You can see that nomadic life isn’t easy. For one thing, it requires cooperation which binds people together, since they depend on each other to help them sustain life. At the same time, this kind of climate and terrain will not provide enough food in any one area to support a large population. This encourages the development of small tribal groups, people who can depend on each other but who do not have too large a footprint on the environment, since they will survive best when they are not all together. If a herd gets too large, it will destroy the grassland and not be able to graze in one place. Also, this climate makes it difficult to accumulate a large enough surplus that you could afford to pay someone else for services. For one thing, you would need to move everything you owned. It was not possible to stockpile any surplus, even if it were possible to accumulate some in a particularly good year. In the conditions of this harsh nomadic life, it was not possible to create a social class of artisans who would manufacture goods. People were needed for herding and moving. And although there was some very limited agriculture, it was not possible for Mongolians to rely on farming for foodstuffs either. What do you think are typical Mongolian foods? [Animal products predominate – meat, milk products. Berries and vegetation that grows wild or with very little cultivation play less of a role in the traditional diet. ] This video clip shows men working on the felt and the ger. Of course, it is set in contemporary time, not in ancient Mongolia. In ancient Mongolia raiding other tribes or settlements in neighboring areas was an important part of the economy. Of course, raiding isn’t part of Mongolian culture now, but it was back then. If military might, necessary both to raid and to protect your own tribe, were such an essential part of your society, how would it affect the culture? One thing that contributed to Mongolian military success was the fact that the men were always ready and available for war. In order for that to be true, women had to take on many of the jobs that men do in other societies. Along with greater responsibility, the woman also had more rights and privileges than was common in other East Asian societies at that time. For example, they had the right to own property and to divorce. They also were sometimes trained for and participated in the military. We can find many references to women of the Mongol elite in 13th century chronicles from different cultures, including Mongol, Chinese and European. Later on we will discuss some prominent Mongolian women leaders who were very important in China. Raiding wasn’t the only contact they had with settled agricultural society; they also had to trade in order to get many of the goods they needed. Two things happened in the early 1200s to make both nomadism and trading more difficult. One was that the temperature of the steppe declined a little, not enough to threaten human life directly, but enough to affect the fragile balance of the environment and reduce the length of time during the year that grass grew. With less grass, herders had to move. [Refer back to map, climate. ] The other singular development in Mongolia in the early 13th century was the rise of a man called Temujin. He introduced the momentous political innovation of uniting all the Mongolian tribes under his leadership. Previously they had been scattered into separate tribes, a logical political system since the ecosystem would not sustain a large group gathered together, and they had frequent warfare among themselves. But in 1206, after years of preparation, Temujin was named the Great Khan, or ruler over all the tribes at a meeting of tribal elders called a quriltay (koor-ill-tie) or a council. He claimed to have blessed ancestry and took the name of Chinggis Khan or Ruler of the Universe. His line was established as supreme and having the inherent right to rule. This political development influenced societies in many different areas for hundreds of years. Chinggis Khan took control in a period of economic and political crisis for the Mongolians. Not only was climate change pushing them to move away from their usual areas in search of better pasture. In addition, the northern Chinese ruling dynasty had cut trade with the Mongols. The Chinese did not need Mongolian products – but the Mongols needed to obtain things from the Chinese. In this unequal relationship the Mongolians were vulnerable. Forced by climate to search for better pastures, cut off by their usual trade partners, Mongolians faced severe challenges to their lifestyles and even their lives. These were the conditions when Chinggis Khan took control over a mobile, dedicated and militarily adept population. The stage was set for the Mongolians to sweep south, east and west throughout Asia and into Europe, conquering as they went. What were the effects of Mongolian control? Intermixing of many different tribes of people and their geographical displacement. When the Mongols conquered a settlement or tribe, particularly of the Turkish nomads who inhabited the steppe to their south and west, they set them up in a military command structure. Conquered men were turned into warriors. Families accompanied warriors, serving as support so that the men were always available for military service and were not required to stay home and work to care for their families’ basic needs. They also intermixed peoples from different areas in each command unit. That way there was less possibility of conquered peoples uniting to revolt. They were turned into mobile military units which would sometimes be left to settle a different conquered area. This had the effect of intermixing ethnic and tribal affiliations so that most of these peoples no longer retained their own distinct culture, but resulted in them adopting their designation as specific units of the Mongols, or hordes. This legacy is still seen in Kazakhstan today, where the Kazakh population is divided into Greater and Lesser Hordes. How to cite The Monguls, Essay examples

Minimal Invasion Argument Essay Sample free essay sample

In his paper. â€Å"The Minimal Invasion Argument Against the Death Penalty† . Hugo Adam Bedau argues against the decease punishment. Bedau’s intent is to convert people to prefer the life-time imprisonment over the decease punishment with an statement that had been antecedently used by other writers called â€Å"The minimum Invasion Argument† . which he considers to be â€Å"the best statement against the decease penalty† ( Bedau. 4 ) . In this paper I will depict Bedau’s statement and demo how he has some failings turn toing the construct of the minimum invasion statement by disregarding what in my sentiment is the chief ground why the decease punishment has non been abolished ; this ground being our incapacity as worlds to â€Å"define† our environment. When we call one thing by a name we believe this thing is the name by which we have called it. For illustration when we call person a condemnable we take off many of the features that make us equal to the felon and so merely name him or her a condemnable. With this essay I want to turn out that in some instances as human beings we need to believe in re-definition. in alteration ; all this in order to construct a better society. To make this I will foremost explicate Bedau’s statement every bit best as possible and so reason with the issues I found on it that are based on our linguistic communication as the translator of our universe. The Minimal invasion Principle as is described by Bedau goes as follows: ( 1 ) The Principle: Governmental invasions of an individual’s privateness. autonomy. and liberty ( or other cardinal values ) are justified merely if no less invasive pattern is sufficient to accomplish an of import societal end. ( 2 ) Therefore. penalty is justified merely if it is necessary as a agency to some socially valid terminal. ( 3 ) The decease punishment is more severe–more invasive–than long-run imprisonment. ( 4 ) To accomplish valid societal ends. long-run imprisonment is sufficient as an invasion of single autonomy. privateness. and liberty ( and other cardinal values ) . ( 5 ) Therefore. society ought to get rid of any lawful pattern that imposes greater misdeme anor of single autonomy. privateness. or liberty ( or other cardinal value ) in instances in which a less invasive pattern is available. ( 6 ) Decision: Society ought to get rid of the decease punishment. The rule in Bedau’s statement comes from an statement used antecedently to oppose the decease punishment in the Furman v. Georgia instance ( Bedau. 4 ) . The statement used by the Judgess. Brennan and Marshall. during the instance states that. â€Å"by the cardinal normative rule: given a compelling province involvement as the end or intent. the authorities must utilize the least restrictive agencies sufficient to accomplish that end or purpose† ( Bedau. 4 ) . In Bedau’s words. the first premiss of the statement would be. â€Å"governmental invasions of an individual’s privateness. autonomy. and liberty ( or other cardinal values ) are justified merely if no less invasive pattern is sufficient to accomplish an of import societal goal† ( Bedau. 5 ) . In his sentiment. the first premiss entirely would be adequate to convert more broad and democratic authoritiess but the intent of the statement is non to convert the 1s that could easy believe it so more grounds will be needed to convert authoritiess with a more totalitarian and fascist point of position ( Bedau. 5 ) . Premise two. serves to confirm that the function of authorities to forestall future offenses to happen is undeniable because if done by citizens they can be considered offenses. and penalty to such offenses need to be implemented and both protagonists and the 1s that oppose the decease punishment would most likely agree with this ( Bedau. 5 ) . The protagonists of the decease punishment see in this premiss yet another manner in which the wrongdoer should pay with his life for the offense committed in order to forestall farther offenses to happen. In this instance it would non merely be justified to penalize the condemnable but executings seems to be the lone manner in which the wrongdoer could pay for such offense harmonizing to the retaliatory statement that by definition implies that â€Å"murderers deserve to die† in order to set up societal order and deter future felons from moving ( Bedau. 7 ) . To Bedau. it is at the minute of choosing the right penalty when people tend to do the error. disregarding some restraints applied by the moral beliefs that our society is ruled under in which penalty should non be treated as an terminal itself but the mean to an terminal due to the deficiency or unknowingness of more efficient methods to build a better society ( Bedau. 5 ) . Premise three. might be obvious to some but t here are still people that deny the â€Å"greater ferociousness and force of the decease punishment when compared to† life imprisonment ( Bedau. 5 ) . In response to those in favour of the decease punishment. Bedau. answers with grounds why lifetime imprisonment is less terrible and invasive than executing: â€Å"Few death-row captives try to perpetrate suicideVerb 1. commit self-destruction – kill oneself ; â€Å"the terminally sick patient committed suicide† putting to death – cause to decease ; set to decease. normally deliberately or wittingly ; â€Å"This adult male killed several people when he tried to rob a bank† ; â€Å"The husbandman killed a hog for the holidays† †¦ . . Snap the nexus for more information. and fewer maintain seeking until they win. Few death-row captives insist that all entreaties on their behalf be dropped. Few convicted liquidators sentenced to life in prison declare that they wish they had been sentenced alternatively to executing. Few if any death-row captives refuse executive clemencyexecutive mildness n. the power of a President in federal condemnable instances. and the Governor in province strong beliefs. to excuse a individual convicted of a offense. transpose the sentence ( shorten it. frequently to clip already served ) . or cut down it from decease to another lesser †¦ . . Snap the nexus for more information. if it is offered to them. † ( Bedau. 5 ) . He will subsequently state to those that believe the decease punishment is a better manner to maintain people from incorrect making. that if one were to hold to put to death person for a capital offense committed. the same individual could besides hold to torment the felon before the existent executing in order to enforce what in the decease punishment supporters’ eyes could look as a just penalty due to the appendage of the offense committed and would hold a greater deterrent consequence ( Bedau. 6 ) . The 4th premiss is based on Bedau’s research by the Bureau of justness which shows that â€Å"the rate of slaying in death-penalty legal powers is typically higher than in abolitionist jurisdictions† ( Bedau. 6 ) . He besides points out how pro executings. lack the grounds to demo how much more open to slay capital penalty free provinces are and how on the other manus provinces that support and use the decease punishment continue holding homicides every twelvemonth ( Bedau. 7 ) . Based on all the information given Bedau concludes that the decease punishment represents a more terrible penalty than necessary and that our society must in all instances. purpose to the less invasive legal penalty like lifetime imprisonment to reconstruct order in our society without disregarding our moral rules ( Bedau. 8 ) . From reading his essay I can see why many people would hold that decease punishment or life-time imprisonment demands to be abolished. nevertheless I can besides see the ground why we have non abolished them. a ground that Bedau does non see. What I think we are losing out is the existent intent of the penalty that we apply to incorrect actors and the ground why we make this error is based on our definitions. First. like I said earlier. when we call person. Lashkar-e-Taibas say John. a condemnable we non merely give John the belongingss that belong to the definition of condemnable. but we besides take away the non-criminal belongingss that belong to John. John could besides posses the belongingss of being a hubby. a boy. a brother and so on. He can besides be intelligent or non. caring or non. or â€Å"have† so many other features that we â€Å"give† to other people or non â€Å"have† such qualities. but he is non merely a condemnable. Before John was accused of his offenses he was merely another individual in the universe populating his life. John did non â€Å"have† the condemnable cast on his record. Here is where I see the job and so I see it on premiss one. two. and four of the â€Å"Minimal Invasion Argument† . They all refer to punishment as a agency to accomplish a valid societal end. If I understand this right. we punish people because they became felons. but we expect that â€Å"future† or possible felons do non go a world. Then we say that capital felons should either be executed or be put in gaol for the remainder of their lives. but with what standards? It seems to me that on one side we are judging felons in a really deterministic manner and we judge society in a non so determined manner. Lashkar-e-taibas go back to John. before he was recognized as a condemnable cipher specifically declared what type of individual John was. Now that he has committed a offense everybody seems to cognize what he is and what he will make. Then could non we besides say that John was a condemnable even before he committed the offense? To me it seems that when people are executed or given life-time imprisonment they are judged by the â€Å"rule† ; â€Å"once a condemnable ever a criminal† . Then if this was the instance he was besides a condemnable even befor e he committed the offense. If that is non the instance so we could besides see how from being a felon he could besides travel back to be a â€Å"normal† citizen once more. The other issue trades with the societal end or the valid terminal our Torahs are seeking to accomplish in our society. Here excessively. our Torahs seem to miss the sum of information necessary to make up ones mind whether or non a adult male should be free after being found guilty. John. for illustration. is put in gaol for a capital offense he has committed under the premise that this will do merely other people think twice about their actions and non John. It is true that the citizens that heard about the instance might maintain themselves off from state of affairss as the 1 in which John committed his offense. but it is besides true that some people even after hearing what happened and happening themselves in similar state of affairs will still perpetrate the offense they were traveling to perpetrate anyways. The difference here is that we are giving people a opportunity to demo how from past events one can larn. chance that is non given to John ( he has to decease either by exe cuting or clip spent in gaol ) . That is why I think that when we define the term felon. in a subliminal manner we define him as something separate from society but we still want him to be an illustration for the society he has been excluded from. John. is supposed to actuate alteration in society. the individual that we can merely see as a felon and that will decease either executed or by clip spent in gaol. is supposed to demo us how alteration is possible. Bedau to be successful with his statement he will foremost hold to revise and happen out what we as a society mean by condemnable. so define penalty. and so specify what a valid terminal or societal end is. As Hobbes said on â€Å"Leviathan† . â€Å"for a word. besides meaning what we imagine to be the nature  ·of the thing to which the word applies · . besides signifies the nature. temperament. and involvements of the speaker† ( Bennett. 16 ) . I could seek to try to give these footings a new definition. but by making so I would belie myself because I know I’m incapable of specifying societal footings with my individual head. Alternatively I would prefer to suggest lawgivers. Judgess and citizens in general to re-evaluate the significance of these footings to something closer to our beliefs and our society. We believe in alteration. for if we did non what would be the point of holding gaols and capital penalties if they were non traveling to alter the heads of those that have non committed but are believing about perpetrating a offense? A society that for so long has been contending for equality. equity. and chance should non halt at the â€Å"outside† ( people that are non in gaol ) degree. but besides battle for those ( people in gaol ) that one time belonged to the society they are now being excluded from. The new significances should stand for both sides of the job and non merely one. The job evidently started while the felon was still a portion of the society and developed into something we now consider merely to be the criminal’s job. Therefore. the new significances should include condemnable and society as portion of the terminal consequence and non merely one sided consequences. Just like our society can larn from the felon. the condemnable can larn from society. We have created a immense spread. where all the capital felons fall. between the society before the offense was committed and the society after the felon is executed or given life-time imprisonment. I know it is hard to believe of a c ondemnable as person else one time the individual is given the rubric sing how linguistic communication has made us believe of things in the manner linguistic communication describes them alternatively of the manner things are. but by seeking so we would acquire closer to a more merely society and closer to true significances about the society itself. I know some people will differ with me. believing that it is excessively hazardous to give a felon a 2nd opportunity and that our childs and households would non experience safe knowing that a â€Å"known† felon has been released. And I do hold with them in that it would be hazardous to let go of person if that individual still thinks like a â€Å"criminal† . That’s why I mentioned before that merely like society can be educated by utilizing the felons as illustrations. the felons can besides be educated utilizing society as an illustration. Our society is evidently non merely composed of good but besides bad. So our felons can besides hold two parts to them that need to be explored and understood. But how would somebody cognize if the felon does non believe as a condemnable anymore one might inquire. And the reply is we would non cognize and might be that we will neer be able to cognize whether the felon is ready to confront society once more. but it is besides true that we do non cognize whether or non executings maintain other people from perpetrating offenses. We need to see in the felons what we see in society ; the capacity of alteration. We need to see them as the responsible of one another. where society caused the felon and the condemnable causation society and non merely the condemnable improving society and non bettering the felon from society. Plants Cited Bedau. Hugo Adam. â€Å"The Minimal Invasion Argument against the Death Penalty. † Criminal Justice Ethics21. 2 ( 2002 ) : 3-8. Philosopher’s Index. EBSCO. Web. 15 Feb. 2011. Bennett. Jonathan. â€Å"Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes. † Early Modern Texts –Philosophers and Philosophy Topics. July 2006. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. .

Transesterification Fossil Oils into Biodiesel

Question: Discuss about the Transesterification for Fossil Oils into Biodiesel? Answer: Introduction Transesterification is the process to convert the fossil oils into Biodiesel. Biodiesel and fossil diesel are fall into same category of fuel. It is produced from straight vegetable oil, waste cooking oil , animal fats and tallow. Biodiesel transesterification represents the heart of any biodiesel manufacturing plant. It involves various complex set of chemical actions and heat transfer mechanism. There are several reactors which performs these operations. Each of the factors has their own advantages and disadvantages. In manufacturing unit the continuous transesterification is more preferable than batch processes. Because, the contineus processes give product quality, low capital and low operating costs per unit. The continuous stirred-tank reactors are the most popular continuous flow reactors in the manufacturing sectors. The primary objective of this report is to design and prototype a transesterification reactor to convert canola oil to biodiesel Furthermore, this report design a heat exchanger, storage tank and pump including the technical design as well as decision on the controls to use and instrumentation. Section 1 Process description: Once sodium hydroxide dissolved in methanol to make methoxideand react with canola oilthat pumped from the storage tank passes through heat exchanger into the reactor as the transesterification reaction occurs at condition 60and 4 bar. In the process of transesterification the reaction of lipid and alcohol forms esters and a byproduct namely glycerol. On the other hand the process displaces one alcohol from an ester. This process is called alcoholysis. This reaction is reversible and as a result of this an excess of alcohol forces the equilibrium in product side. The ratio of alcohol to lipid in the equilibrium is 3:1. However, this is increased to 6:1 to increase the product yield. The transesterification procedure has of three phases. The first step is the conversion of triglycerides to diglycerides, the next phase represents the transform of diglycerides into monoglycerides, and finally the last phase puts monoglycerides into glycerol. Each step yields one ester molecule from each glyceride. The reactions are reversible. The equilibrium helps to produce glycerol and fatty acid esters. Section 2 Storage Tank: The storage tank is used to store pure conola oil. The tank loads various discharged material by the transporters.Since moist increase spoilage risk tank must be protected from atmospheric moisture as moisture raises enzymatic and biological activity that leads to mold growth(Canada, 2003). The tank must be heated enough to prevent freezing. Flow diagram Construction material: Schweitzer, 1991recommends the carbon steel must be used in 25C and canona fluid must be added in the process. Because, the corrosion of these materials are less. PID Sizing: The size of the oil storage tank is determined using the above mentioned relations and is as represented in the table (E.1) Cost of the tank Section 3 Heat exchanger: The heat exchanger used in this section of biodiesel process will be selected here. In choosing the heat exchangers, various factors should be considered for each application. These factors include operating temperatures of the exchanger, fouling, pressure and pressure drop of the exchanger, utility stream characteristics, process stream and capital cost of the operation. These factors play important role in selecting the best heat exchanger. Table (6.18) represents the applicability of different heat exchangers [Van Den Berg , 2000]. Type Advantages Disadvantages Operating ranges Tube and Shell Flexible procedure, robust and easy to maintain Sometimes not economical for low pressure Tube-side 1400 bar Shell side 300 bar -270C to 1600C Air cooler Larger heat loads, Free utility ( air ) Economical for process fluid at low temperature 470 bar, process fluid up to 500c Double pipe High pressures possible , cheap construction, easy to maintain Poor heat transfer coefficient expensive for large duties Tube-side 1400 bar and 100-160 c Frame and Plate Lower areas needed, High effectiveness factor, compact Not appropriate for carbon stell, limited to below 30 bar 30 bar and -40 to 170c The above table shows that the tube and shell exchanger is the most suitable in this context. The next decision is to be taken after the selection of shell and tube heat exchangers is the necessary fluid required on tube side or on shell side. The table shown below represents few measures for the fluid allocation. Factors Solution Fouling When the fouling fluid on tube side, the fouling is reduced by higher available velocity Temperature On the tube side hottest liquid is placed on the tube construction more expensive material is placed Operating pressure The fluid with high-pressure is placed on tube side high pressure shell is more expensive than high pressure tube Pressure drop Fluid with lowest variation in temperature should be allocated to tube side where it gets highest heat transfer coefficient. Construction material Carbon steel PID Control of heat exchanger: The most equipment configuration of heat exchangers are shown above. The utility stream flow rate controls the product outlet stream temperature. So, by controlling utility flow rate the output temperature can be monitored. The above table shows how the free forward control is applied considering the flow to the exchanger at cascade outlet temperature Design Procedure : The amount of heat transfer across a surface is given by the below mentioned equation: Determining the surface area required for the specified duty with the available temperature difference is the primary importance of the design of the exchanger. The heat coefficient is measured by the equation as mentioned below: The dimensions of the reactor vessel are determined in regards of the above mentioned equation, and the results are shown the table below: Section 4 Pumps : Pumps can be classified into two categories. These are dynamic pumps and positive displacement pumps. The example of dynamic pump is centrifugal pump whereas, the example of positive displacement pump is reciprocating and diaphragm pumps. The major benefits of centrifugal pumps are as mentioned below (Peters and Timmerhaus, 1991): - The pumps are cheap and have simple constructional structure - The pumps are useful for liquid with large amount of solids à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ - costs of Maintenance of these pumps are much lower than those of other pumps. Miscellaneous Pressure Losses: The turbulence is generated by obstruction in the flow. So, the process of pipe fitting drops the pressure of pipeline the process creates turbulence by bends, eklbows , reduction or enlargement of sections etc. Construction material Flow diagram Control of Pumps: The rate of flow of the pumped streams are regulated to get a specific amount of pressure of streams. This stream enters into the reactor and exists from the reactor in the process of pumping. The pumps are designed to be operated under constant speed. There are pumps of various variable speeds. But, these pumps are very expensive. Apart from this, the pump control system ranges from single hand-operated pumps to various highly advanced pumps like automatic flow control, pump speed control etc. The factors important for control system choice are pump type and drive type. Such as in centrifugal pump by changing either the speed or the valve setting the output can be controlled. PID Pump sizing Section 5 Reactor Design: A general reactor design procedure is outlined below: Collect the thermodynamic and kinetic data based on the side reactions and desired reaction. Collect the data of physical property which are required for the design Identify the predominant mechanism for rate controlling: Kinetic, mass or heat transfer. Make an initial selection of the conditions of reactor to give the desired yield and conversion. Estimate its performance after sizing the reactor. Select material suitable for construction create preliminary mechanical design for the reactor. Cost the proposed design, capital and operating. Transesterification Process: The final step of obtaining Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) by reacting with alcohol such as methanol and Ethanol with triglyceride molecules is knows as transesterification. For transesterification process , an alkaline catalyst NaOH ( sodium hydroxide) to elevate the reaction at STP and to produce FAME and glycerol after step by step conversion as shown below. [7] Figure 1: Transesterification Process Transesterification term represents the important class of organic reactions whereas, an ester of represent the transfer into another through interchange of the alkoxy moiety. The transesterification process is called alcoholysis when the original ester does chemical reaction with an alcohol,. Various industrial process use the Transesterification Process. This reaction happens by the mixture of reactants and it is an equilibrium reaction. The catalyst accelerates the reaction and increases the temperature. To obtain the high amount of esters the alcohol ahs to be used in excess amount. In the presence of alcohol and a catalyst with glycerol, the reaction transforms the transforming triglyceride into fatty acid alkyl esters. The stoichiometric ratio of the reaction is 6:1. The reaction is inherently endothermic. The overall reaction scheme can be shown below: Type of reactor: Three are batch reactors, semi continuous flow reactors and continuous flow reactors are three types of reactors are used in biodiesel production. The batch process is cost effective. It requires much less initial capital and investment in infrastructure. The process is flexible. Variations in feedstock type, composition and quantity are available in this process. Low productivity, more intensive labor, larger variation in product quality and energy requirements are major drawbacks of this process. The batch process and semi continuous process are similar in most of the aspects except in the one case. In this process the producer starts the reaction in lesser volume than the vessel can hold and then continues to add ingredients until it is full. Continuous-stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) will be used in this purpose. In CSTR, any materials is easy and free to enter and exit. The conditions do not change with time which will make our process conditions constant and not always changing which is easier to handle and control.The productsare removed continuously and the reactants are entered into the reactor continuously.The conditions of entering and exit streams are the same. CSTR are well mixed, the contents have uniform and equal properties such as the temperature, densityand pressure. The volume of CSTR are usually at constant volume. There are stirrers called agitators inside CSTR to mix well the reactants and catalyst. A CSTR can act as loop reactor when heated. The pressurized fluid is inserted into the system to facilitate the stirring or the agitators for higher heat and mass transfer rates. Design Methods of Chemical Engineering The Kinetics The Table 2.6 represents the set of transesterification reactions considering the simulation of the primary transesterification reactor. The In the Table 2.8 it is showing the values of rate constant and the equilibrium constant. The two factors limit the reactor temperature and controls it to not go beyond a certain limit. These are the instability of the evaporation and the increased rate of byproducts formation. Configuration of Reactor: For the transesterification reaction a jacketed continuously stirred tank reactor is appropriate. It is required to operate it continuously for 8150 hours per day. The reactor helps to operate the transesterification reactions and helps the suspension of finely suspended solids. This process creates suspension by agitation. As recommended by Bassel, (1990), the ratio between the height of the liquid and the diameter of the reactor is 2:1. The reactor must be 90% full. The heating efficiency of the reactors must be adjusted properly to attain reaction times and short heating. The care should in the whole operation as the jacket is joined with the heating tube across its length. Construction material: The constructional material consists of three portions. These are the vessel of the reactor, Jacket of the reactor and reactor agitator. The vessel of Reactor: The reactor vessel in the process of transesterification process must be kept under 60c temperature and moderate pressure. Schweitzer, 1991, and Hermann Ludewig, 1971 has recommended to use the stainless steel 316 for construction of this vessel Jacket of Reactor: According to Hermann Ludewig, 1971, the use of carbon steel must be used when the water heating is required. Reactor agitator : According to Hermann Ludewig, 1971, high-grade steel must be used as some corrosive reactant. Stainless steel 316 is best for this purpose. Size of the reactor: The mixing intensity represents the amount and proportion of mixing of alcohol and triglyceride (TG) in the reaction. The phases of the mixing are very important. In most of the cases the mechanical mixing procedure is followed to fasten the reaction process and increase the contact between the particles. This process increases the transfer arte of the mass. This procedure has its origin in the eighties. Thus the variation in mixing intensities in the reaction can change the kinetics of the transesterification reaction.The Rqynolds number helps to access the mixing intensity. In the fluid dynamics, the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces is represented by NRe (dimensionless number) in fluid dynamics. The following equation represents the NRe. Here n represents the rotational speed of the impeller, Da represents the impeller diameter, and and represent the fluid density and viscosity. Noureddini and his team investigated on the effect of Reynolds number on the transesterification reactions. The reactor is sized using the previous relations, and the Table (E.1) summarizes the results of the sizing of the reactor. Mixer design: The mixer design represents the type of mixer to be selected. The selection is done according to the guidelines specified of Ulrich, 1984. The measurements of the agitation system should be as specification provided in the guidelines by Geankopolis, 1993,pp. 144. Jacket selection The factors considered to select the type of jacket are as mentioned below: - The Cost à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ - The heat transfer rate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ - The Pressure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ The table below represents various jacket types and their characteristics considering these above mentioned three factors, Coulson and Richardson, 1999. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ Type Remarks Spirally and baffled jackets High heat transfer rate. Dimple jacket Used up to 20 bar. Simple and not baffled Lowest cost and used up to 10 bar. Half pipe jacket High heat transfer rate, and used for high pressures up to 70 bar. The jacket is sized by the some relations, and the results of jacket summarizes in Table (E.1) summarizes Vessel support design: The vessel support method requires to consider below mentioned factors: The shape, size of the vessel and weight of the vessel, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ To design the temperature and pressure of the vessel.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ Vessel location and arrangement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ The fittings of internal and external portion of the vessel and attachments.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ The table shown below represents the various supports and their characteristics, Coulson and Richardson, 1999. Support types Remarks Skirt Appropriate for vertical columns Saddle Appropriate for horizontal vessels A skirt, in cylindrical shape, made of plain carbon steel is used to support the reactor and the highest dead weight load occurs when the vessel is full. Control of reactor: Because the process is continuing. The feed of the reactor needs to be constant within certain limits. The feed consists of two main components: oil and methanolxide. The methnoaloxide stream is kept constant and is measured by a flow control acting on a valve in the feed stream. A flow constant is attached and acts on the input of the amount of oil. The amount of the methanoxide and oil are now fed in the right amounts to get the desired ratio in the reactor. Also, the reaction is endothermic and quite an amount of heat is needed but the temperature must be continuously kept at 60c. the amount of heat needed is controlled by a temperature controller. The reactor controlled by a level controller which acts on a valve attached to the outgoing stream. This done to ensure the residence time in the reactor. Startup and shutdown Considering the above mentioned factors , the Transesterification reactor start-up needs to consider three things. These are as getting ambient temperature to steady operating temperature. Setting the process flow rates from zero to their steady state values and controlling the operation to reach the desired equilibrium state rate. Similarly the shutting down involves to stop the flow and to let the ambient temperature to cool down. But, sometimes stopping the reactant flow into the system, without controlling other important aspects, can lead to the explosion. So, the shut down process as well as the start up process requires detailed thought, planning and analysis. Cost of the reactor Section 6 Utilities: The biodiesel plant makes use of different utilities such us steam, water and electricity. Most of the steam is low pressure steam. Reason for selection and other options: The heating processes uses steam and the cooling is carried out by air and cooling water. All electricity is produced outside battery lirnits, no steam is used in the design to generate power. Further it isn't necessary to use a refrigerant to cool or condense any one of the streams. Major users The pieces of equipment using a lot of electricity are reactor, heat exchanger and pump. These three instruments together use almost 23% of the total electricity consumption of the plant. The major users of steam are heat exchangers and users of water is jacket of the reactor. Possibilities of future reduction: Heat integration is a part of the design which isn't applied. There are great opportunities to reduce the consumption of utilities by heat integration. Section 7: Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP): The Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) identifies hazard and operability problems of the industry. It investigates the deviation of the operation of the plants from the intended design. The HAZOP result represents the inevitable problems occur in the course of production. The main aspect of HAZOP problem is to identify the problems and the firm should not dwell on the problems which are not apparent in the analysis. HAZOP is concerned about the safely of the operation and hazards represents the operational problems which degrades the performance of the plant. It also affects the product quality, production rate nad profit. Hence, the insights of individual engineers who work in the plant is very important to make the overall efficiency of the plant high. In the present discussion, the main trancesterification reaction was chosen as the subject of HAZOPs study. The reason for is the importance of the reaction in the Biodiesel plant. To measure the intensity and probability of hazardous operation a Hazard Matrix was created. To analyze the hazardous effects of unit operation few factors have been chosen. These factors are flows, pressure, and temperature of the reactor. These factors determine the possible deviation which could lead to definitive hazards the possible causes, consequences for each deviation has been identified and the researcher also provided the recommendation for each aspect. The matrix is shown below. Hazard Matrix Process: Transesterification Reaction STREAM PROCESS PARAMETERS DEVIATIONS POSSIBLE CAUSES CONSEQUENCES ACTION REQUIRED Feed (ST1) Reactant (ST2) Catalyst (ST3) Catalyst (ST4) Reactant (ST5) Flow High Low No Valve failure or fully open Valve failure or closed Failure of Flow Failure of Operator Failure of flow control Pipe breakage control sensor Plugged pipe Empty storage tank Possible upset in downstream Overflow Increased reaction rate Downstream process backed-up Pipe damage Reaction rate Reduced No reaction Pump cavitation Install HA Install LA check valve should be Installed Regular calibration and maintenance Train the operator Implementation of absorbing avoid leaks to ground Inspection must be done prior to startup Reactant (ST2) Catalyst (ST3) Catalyst (ST4) Reactant (ST5) Pressure Low Valve failure or fully open Failure of operator Leaked pipe Plugging in pipe Failure of Pumps partial MeOH vaporized Breakage of pipe Possible upset in downstream Damage of pipe differential pressure should be checked across valve routinely maintenance Fail-closed mechanism Inspection should be done prior to startup Feed (ST1) Reactant (ST2) Catalyst (ST3) Catalyst (ST4) Reactant (ST5) Temperature High Low High heating Failure of operator Control of temperature Failed temperature sensor Not sufficient heating Cooling occurs I Increased pressure CH3OH boil WCO boil Pipe melt Pump damage Reduced pressure WCO solidify upon cooling Viscosity increase Install HA + thermo couples Operator training Install throttle Install LA + thermo couples installed Regular maintenance PROCESS: TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION